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+date = 2022-03-23
+title = "Installing Nextcloud on Ubuntu"
+description = "A guide to self-hosting the NextCloud application on your own server."
++++
+
+## What is Nextcloud?
+
+[Nextcloud](https://nextcloud.com/) is a self-hosted solution for
+storage, communications, editing, calendar, contacts, and more.
+
+This tutorial assumes that you have an Ubuntu server and a domain name
+configured to point toward the server.
+
+## Install Dependencies
+
+To start, you will need to install the packages that Nextcloud requires:
+
+```sh
+sudo apt install apache2 mariadb-server libapache2-mod-php7.4
+sudo apt install php7.4-gd php7.4-mysql php7.4-curl php7.4-mbstring php7.4-intl
+sudo apt install php7.4-gmp php7.4-bcmath php-imagick php7.4-xml php7.4-zip
+```
+
+## Set Up MySQL
+
+Next, you will need to log in to MySQL as the `root` user of
+the machine.
+
+```sh
+sudo mysql -uroot -p
+```
+
+Once you've logged in, you must create a new user so that Nextcloud can
+manage the database. You will also create a `nextcloud`
+database and assign privileges:
+
+```sql
+CREATE USER 'username'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
+CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS nextcloud CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO 'username'@'localhost';
+FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
+quit;
+```
+
+## Download & Install Nextcloud
+
+To download Nextcloud, go the [Nextcloud downloads
+page](https://nextcloud.com/install/#instructions-server), click on
+`Archive File` and right-click the big blue button to copy
+the link.
+
+Then, go to your server and enter the following commands to download,
+unzip, and move the files to your destination directory. This example
+uses `example.com` as the destination, but you can put it
+wherever you want to server your files from.
+
+```sh
+wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-23.0.3.zip
+sudo apt install unzip
+unzip nextcloud-23.0.3.zip
+sudo cp -r nextcloud /var/www/example.com
+```
+
+## Configure the Apache Web Server
+
+Now that the database is set up and Nextcloud is installed, you need to
+set up the Apache configuration files to tell the server how to handle
+requests for `example.com/nextcloud`.
+
+First, open the following file in the editor:
+
+```sh
+sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf
+```
+
+Once the editor is open, paste the following information in. Then, save
+and close the file.
+
+```config
+<VirtualHost *:80>
+    DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com
+    ServerName  example.com
+    ServerAlias www.example.com
+    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
+    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
+
+    <Directory /var/www/example.com/nextcloud/>
+        Require all granted
+        AllowOverride All
+        Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews
+        Satisfy Any
+
+        <IfModule mod_dav.c>
+            Dav off
+        </IfModule>
+    </Directory>
+</VirtualHost>
+```
+
+Once the file is saved, enable it with Apache:
+
+```sh
+sudo a2ensite nextcloud.conf
+```
+
+Next, enable the Apache mods required by Nextcloud:
+
+```sh
+sudo a2enmod rewrite headers env dir mime
+```
+
+Finally, restart Apache. If any errors arise, you must solve those
+before continuing.
+
+```sh
+sudo systemctl restart apache2
+```
+
+For the app to work, you must have the correct file permissions on your
+`nextcloud` directory. Set the owner to be
+`www-data`:
+
+```sh
+sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/example.com/nextcloud/
+```
+
+## DNS
+
+If you do not have a static IP address, you will need to update your DNS
+settings (at your DNS provider) whenever your dynamic IP address
+changes.
+
+For an example on how I do that with Cloudflare, see my other post:
+[Updating Dynamic DNS with Cloudflare
+API](/blog/updating-dynamic-dns-with-cloudflare-api/)
+
+## Certbot
+
+If you want to serve Nextcloud from HTTPS rather than plain HTTP, use
+the following commands to issue Let's Encrypt SSL certificates:
+
+```sh
+sudo apt install snapd
+sudo snap install core
+sudo snap refresh core
+sudo snap install --classic certbot
+sudo ln -s /snap/bin/certbot /usr/bin/certbot
+sudo certbot --apache
+```
+
+## Results
+
+Voilà! You're all done and should be able to access Nextcloud from your
+domain or IP address.
+
+See the screenshots below for the dashboard and a settings page on my
+instance of Nextcloud, using the `Breeze Dark` theme I
+installed from the Apps page.
+
+![Nextcloud
+Dashboard](https://img.cleberg.net/blog/20220323-installing-nextcloud-on-ubuntu/nextcloud_dashboard.png)
+
+*Figure 01: Nextcloud Dashboard*
+
+![Nextcloud
+Settings](https://img.cleberg.net/blog/20220323-installing-nextcloud-on-ubuntu/nextcloud_settings.png)
+
+*Figure 02: Nextcloud Security Settings*