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-date = 2022-07-30
-title = "Recursive Command-Line FLAC to Opus Conversion"
-description = ""
-draft = false
-+++
-
-# Converting FLAC to OPUS
-
-I am currently rebuilding my music library from scratch so that I can
-effectively archive all the music I own in the [FLAC file
-format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLAC), a lossless audio codec.
-
-However, streaming FLAC files outside the home can be difficult due to the size
-of the files, especially if you're using a weak connection.
-
-So, in order to archive the music in a lossless format and still be able to
-stream it easily, I opted to create a copy of my FLAC files in the [Opus audio
-codec](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)>). This allows me to
-archive a quality, lossless version of the music and then point my streaming
-service to the smaller, stream-ready version.
-
-## Dependencies
-
-The process I follow utilizes the `opus-tools` package in Ubuntu. Before
-proceeding, install the package:
-
-```sh
-sudo apt install opus-tools
-```
-
-If you want to use a different conversion method, such as `ffmpeg` or `avconv`,
-simply install that package instead.
-
-## Conversion Process
-
-The script I'm using is stored in my home directory, but feel free to create it
-wherever you want. It does not need to be in the same directory as your music
-files.
-
-```sh
-cd ~ && nano transform.sh
-```
-
-Once you have your new bash script opened in an editor, go ahead and paste the
-following logic into the script.
-
-You **MUST** edit the following variables in order for it to work:
-
--   `source`: The source directory where your FLAC files are stored.
--   `dest`: The destination directory where you want the resulting Opus files to
-    be stored.
-
-You **MAY** want to edit the following variables to suit your needs:
-
--   `filename`: If you are converting to a file format other than Opus, you'll
-    need to edit this so that your resulting files have the correct filename
-    extension.
--   `reldir`: This variable can be edited to strip out more leading directories
-    in the file path. As you'll see later, I ignore this for now and simply
-    clean it up afterward.
--   `opusenc`: This is the actual conversion process. You may want to edit the
-    bitrate to suit your needs. I set mine at 128 but some prefer 160 or higher.
-
-```sh
-#!/bin/bash
-## - The IFS takes care of spaces in file and dirnames
-## - your folders may vary
-## - what you mount to the folders does not matter
-## - in RELDIR, the f5 most likely MUST be edited,
-##    since its responsible, how many leading directories
-##    will be removed from the directory structure in order
-##    to append that exact path to the outfile
-## - the commented echos are still in place in order to give
-##    you the variables for testing, before running.
-
-IFS=$'\n'
-
-## the paths given here contain the directory structure that I want to keep
-## source=/mnt/music/archives/ARTIST/ALBUM/FLACFILE.flac
-## local=/mnt/music/library/ARTIST/ALBUM/OPUSFILE.opus
-
-source=/mnt/music/archives
-dest=/mnt/music/library
-
-for i in $(find $source -type f -iname '*.flac' );
-do
-## SET VARIABLES for PATHS and FILENAMES
-        fullfile=$i
-        filename="${i##*/}"
-        filename="${filename%.*}.opus"
-        fulldir=$(dirname "${i}")
-        reldir="$(echo $fulldir | cut -d'/' -f5-)"
-        reldir=${reldir//flac}
-        outdir="$dest/$reldir"
-        outfile="$outdir/$filename"
-
-# is that working?
-# outfile='$local/""$(echo $(dirname "${i}") | cut -d'/' -f5-)"//flac"/"${i##*/}"'
-#       echo 'output file: ' "$outfile"
-
-## SHOW ME THE CONTENTS of the VARIABLES
-#       echo 'File found:' "$i"
-#       echo 'Relative dir: ' "$reldir"
-#       echo 'directory will be created: ' "$outdir"
-#       echo 'Filename: ' "$filename"
-#       echo 'FileExt: ' "$extension"
-#       echo 'output file: ' "$outfile"
-
-echo "\n\n"
-
-## CREATE Output Folders
-        mkdir -p "$outdir"
-
-## RUN
-# ffmpeg and avconv are alternative options if opusenc isn't adequate
-opusenc --vbr --bitrate 128 --date "$DATE" \
---title "$TITLE" --artist "$ARTIST" --album "$ALBUM" --genre "$GENRE" \
---comment "ALBUMARTIST=$ALBUMARTIST" --comment "DISCNUMBER=$DISCNUMBER" \
---comment "TRACKNUMBER=$TRACKNUMBER" --comment "TRACKTOTAL=$TRACKTOTAL" \
---comment "LYRICS=$LYRICS" "$fullfile" "$outfile"
-
-
-## just for testing
-#        sleep 1
-done
-```
-
-Once you're done, simply save the file and exit your editor. Don't forget to
-enable execution of the script:
-
-```sh
-chmod +x transform.sh
-```
-
-Finally, you may now run the script:
-
-```sh
-./transform.sh
-```
-
-If you used `opusenc`, you'll see the conversions happen within the terminal as
-it progresses. You will also see variables printed if you uncommented any of the
-bash script's comments.
-
-## Cleanup
-
-As I noted above, I didn't customize my `reldir` variable in the script, which
-caused my output directory to be `/mnt/music/library/archives` instead of
-`/mnt/music/library`. So, I moved the output up one level and deleted the
-accidental directory.
-
-```sh
-cd /mnt/music/library
-mv archives/** .
-rm -rf archives
-```
-
-## Check the Resulting Size
-
-If you want to see what kind of file size savings you've gained, you can always
-use the `du` command to check:
-
-```sh
-cd /mnt/music
-du -h --max-depth=1 .
-```
-
-In my case, my small library went from 78GB to 6.3GB!
-
-```txt
-78G    ./archives
-6.3G   ./library
-```