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-date = 2022-11-07
-title = "Self-Hosting Matrix Synapse on Alpine Linux"
-description = "A guide to self-hosting the Matrix Synapse application on your own server."
-+++
-
-## Synpase
-
-If you're reading this, you likely know that
-[Synapse](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/) is a popular
-[Matrix](https://matrix.org/) home server software that allows users to
-run their own Matrix home server.
-
-This post is a short guide describing how I was able to get Synapse
-working in a minimally-usable state on Alpine Linux.
-
-## Installation Process
-
-### Dependencies
-
-First, since there is no Alpine-specific package for Synapse, we need to
-ensure that Alpine has the required dependencies for the Python-based
-installation method.
-
-```sh
-doas apk -U update
-doas apk add python3 py3-virtualenv
-```
-
-Next, we need to set up a Python virtual environment for Synapse:
-
-```sh
-mkdir -p ~/synapse && cd ~/synapse
-virtualenv -p python3 ~/synapse/env
-source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate
-pip install --upgrade pip
-pip install --upgrade setuptools
-pip install matrix-synapse
-```
-
-### Running Synapse
-
-Once installed, running Synapse is easy. Simply execute the following
-command, replacing `example.com` with the domain name that
-will be used with this home server. This will generate the configuration
-files needed to run the server.
-
-```sh
-python -m synapse.app.homeserver \
-    --server-name example.com \
-    --config-path homeserver.yaml \
-    --generate-config \
-    --report-stats=no
-```
-
-Once the configuration is generated, we can start up the Synapse server:
-
-```sh
-synctl start
-```
-
-### Configuring Synapse
-
-To make any change to Synapse, we need to edit the `YAML`
-configuration file:
-
-```sh
-nano ~/synapse/homeserver.yaml
-```
-
-For now, we just need to ensure the `server_name` is
-accurate. However, there are a lot of other configuration options found
-in the [Configuring
-Synapse](https://matrix-org.github.io/synapse/develop/usage/configuration/config_documentation.html)
-documentation that can be enabled/disabled at any point.
-
-```yaml
-server_name: "example.com"
-```
-
-Make sure to restart Synapse when you make changes to the configuration:
-
-```sh
-synctl restart
-```
-
-### Nginx Reverse-Proxy
-
-To ensure that Synapse is reachable from the public, we need to connect
-our domain to the Synapse server. In my case, I use a Nginx
-reverse-proxy for this purpose.
-
-To use Nginx, we need to create a reverse-proxy configuration file:
-
-```sh
-doas nano /etc/nginx/http.d/example.com.conf
-```
-
-If you already have TLS certificates for this domain
-(`example.com`), you can simply use the SSL configuration and
-point toward your TLS certificates.
-
-```conf
-server {
-    listen 443 ssl http2;
-    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
-
-    # For the federation port
-    listen 8448 ssl http2;
-    listen [::]:8448 ssl http2;
-
-    server_name example.com;
-
-    location ~ ^(/_matrix|/_synapse/client) {
-        # note: do not add a path (even a single /) after the port in `proxy_pass`,
-        # otherwise nginx will canonicalise the URI and cause signature verification
-        # errors.
-        proxy_pass http://localhost:8008;
-        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
-        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
-        proxy_set_header Host $host;
-
-        # Nginx by default only allows file uploads up to 1M in size
-        # Increase client_max_body_size to match max_upload_size defined in homeserver.yaml
-        client_max_body_size 50M;
-    }
-
-    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
-    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
-    access_log /var/log/nginx/matrix.access.log;
-}
-
-server {
-    if ($host = example.com) {
-        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
-    }
-
-  server_name example.com;
-  listen 80;
-    return 404;
-}
-```
-
-If you need to generate TLS certificates (I recommend
-[Certbot](https://certbot.eff.org/)), you'll need a more minimal Nginx
-conf file before you can use the TLS-enabled example above. Instead, use
-this configuration file during the Certbot certificate generation
-process:
-
-```conf
-server {
-  server_name example.com;
-  location / {
-      try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
-  }
-  listen 80;
-}
-```
-
-Once you're done editing the Nginx conf file, restart Nginx:
-
-```sh
-doas rc-service nginx restart
-```
-
-If you still need to generate TLS certificates, run `certbot`
-now and obtain the certificates. Certbot will ask if you want to use a
-webroot or spin up a temporary web server. I **highly** recommend using
-the temporary web server due to the many issues with using a webroot.
-
-You will need to stop Nginx in order to user the temporary web server
-option with Certbot:
-
-```sh
-# Stop Nginx so certbot can spin up a temp webserver for cert generation
-doas rc-service nginx stop
-doas certbot certonly -v
-doas rc-service nginx start
-```
-
-### Open Firewall & Router Ports
-
-If you use a firewall on the server, open the `8448` port for
-discovery and federation, as well as the normal web server ports if
-you're using a reverse proxy. If you want additional services, such as
-voice calls, you will need to read the Synapse documentation to see
-which ports need to be opened for those features.
-
-Here's an example of the Universal Firewall (UFW) software:
-
-```sh
-# Matrix port
-doas ufw allow 8448
-# Standard web server ports
-doas ufw allow "Nginx Full"
-```
-
-Remember to forward any Synapse ports, such as `8448`,
-`80`, and `443`, in your Router from the internet
-to your server's IP address.
-
-### Adding Matrix Users
-
-Finally, if you didn't enable public registration in the
-`homeserver.yaml` file, you can manually create users via the
-command-line:
-
-```sh
-cd ~/synapse
-register_new_matrix_user -c homeserver.yaml
-```
-
-Remember that the format for federated Matrix usernames is
-`@username:example.com` when logging in to client
-applications.
-
-Once Synapse is running, and you have a username, you are ready to log
-in to a Matrix client and start sending messages, joining rooms, and
-utilizing your very own Matrix server.