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-date = 2022-11-27
-title = "Building a Custom Rack-Mounted Server"
-description = "A retrospective on building my own rack-mounted server."
-+++
-
-## The Dilemma
-
-For years, I have been using desktops and a Raspberry Pi as the backbone
-of my homelab. I have always wanted to move toward a single dedicated
-server that could handle all of my tasks, but was often put off by the
-complexity of the choices (and financial roadblocks at some times).
-
-However, after purchasing a small server rack this past year, I have
-been researching to see what kind of rack-mounted server I could buy. I
-initially bought a Dell R720XD loaded up with everything I could ever
-want in a server - but I did not care for it. It was far too loud, and
-the age of the CPU/RAM was something I wanted to improve upon.
-
-After returning the R720XD, I decided that I wanted to build my own
-server with modern, consumer-grade PC components. This time, I am very
-happy with the results of my server.
-
-## Components
-
-I'll start by listing all the components I used for this server build:
-
--   **Case**: [Rosewill RSV-R4100U 4U Server Chassis Rackmount
-    Case](https://www.rosewill.com/rosewill-rsv-r4100u-black/p/9SIA072GJ92825)
--   **Motherboard**: [NZXT B550](https://nzxt.com/product/n7-b550)
--   **CPU**: AMD Ryzen 7 5700G with Radeon Graphics
--   **GPU**: N/A - I specifically chose one of the few AMD CPUs that
-    support onboard graphics.
--   **RAM**: 64GB RAM (2x32GB) *Max of 128GB RAM on this motherboard*
--   **Boot Drive**: Western Digital 500GB M.2 NVME SSD
--   **HDD Bay**:
-    -   10TB WD White *(shucked, moved from previous server)*
-    -   8TB WD White *(shucked, moved from previous server)*
-    -   2 x 8TB WD Red Plus *(Black Friday lined up perfectly with this
-        build, so I grabbed two of these)*
--   **PSU**: Corsair RM850 PSU
--   **Extras**:
-    -   Corsair TM3Q Thermal Paste
-    -   Noctua 120mm fan *(replacement for front case fan)*
-    -   2 x Noctua 80mm fans *(replacement for rear case fans)*
-    -   CableMatters 6Gbps SATA Cables
-
-## Building the Server
-
-This took quite a while for me to build (in my opinion of time),
-totaling around 3 hours from start to finish. The case has some peculiar
-construction, so you have to completely remove the ODD & HDD cages to
-install the motherboard and other components first.
-
-Now, I've never built a computer of any kind before, so I was quite
-nervous. Personally, the only challenging part was getting the CPU
-cooler to screw into the motherboard without sliding the thermal paste
-around too much underneath. I'm still not entirely sure if I did a
-great job of it, but nothing's broken yet.
-
-The main components were all fine and simple. However, installing the
-hard drives is slightly tedious as I need to power off the server and
-completely unscrew the HDD cage to install or remove any drives.
-Additionally, the drives are screwed directly into the metal cage with
-small screws, which are quite a bit different from the HDD trays I'm
-used to in other machines.
-
-Seeing that the cases with hot-swap bays were 3-4x the price, I'm okay
-dealing with the tedium of removing the cage to install new drives.
-
-## Software
-
-I'm not going to dive into the software as I have done so in other
-recent posts. However, I wanted to note that I am using Alpine Linux on
-this server and hosting most services inside Docker. No virtual machines
-(VMs) and very few bare-metal services.
-
-## The Results
-
-How did my build turn out? Well, after migrating my other servers and
-their services over, I found that my server is blazing fast. The
-heaviest of my applications, Plex, is handled with ease. Even 4k
-streaming seems to be effortless.
-
-I am very happy with the results and will likely continue to improve on
-this server as the years go by rather than buying another used server
-online.
-
-### Mistakes I Made
-
-This post wouldn't be complete unless I wrote about the mistakes I made
-while building. The only real mistake I made beyond a "whoops I dropped
-a screw" related to airflow and fan direction.
-
-While installing the two new hard drives that showed up on 2022-11-30
-and getting ready to install the case in my rack, I noticed that the
-hard drive temperatures were quite high.
-
-I used the `smartctl` command for each of my drives
-(`/dev/sda` through `/dev/sdd`):
-
-```sh
-doas smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep Temperature_Celsius
-```
-
-The results were unusual - all four drives were idling at ~44-46
-degrees Celsius. The only drive that was cooler was my 10TB drive, which
-was at 38 degrees Celsius. I noted that this 10TB drive was also closest
-to the case fan.
-
-```sh
-ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
-# /dev/sda
-194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   147   147   000    Old_age   Always       -       44 (Min/Max 22/46)
-# /dev/sdb
-194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   141   141   000    Old_age   Always       -       46 (Min/Max 21/48)
-# /dev/sdc
-194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   144   144   000    Old_age   Always       -       45 (Min/Max 19/61)
-# /dev/sdd
-194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   171   171   000    Old_age   Always       -       38 (Min/Max 14/56)
-```
-
-After looking to see if I could fit more fans into the case, I noticed
-that the 120mm fan used for intake from the front of the case was
-actually pushing air out of the case by mistake. This fan sits right in
-front of the hard drive bay.
-
-Once I flipped the fan around to act as an intake fan, the temperatures
-dropped immediately! They are now idling at ~31-33 degrees Celsius. A
-single fan spinning the wrong way caused my drives to idle 10-15 degrees
-higher than they should have.
-
-```sh
-ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
-# /dev/sda
-194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   209   209   000    Old_age   Always       -       31 (Min/Max 14/56)
-# /dev/sdb
-194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   196   196   000    Old_age   Always       -       33 (Min/Max 19/61)
-# /dev/sdc
-194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   203   203   000    Old_age   Always       -       32 (Min/Max 21/48)
-# /dev/sdd
-194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   196   196   000    Old_age   Always       -       33 (Min/Max 22/46)
-```
-
-This was a silly error to make, but I'm glad I found it today before I
-screwed the case into the rack and made things a lot more tedious to
-fix.