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-#+title: An Inside Look at My Homelab
-#+date: 2020-05-03
-#+description: A retrospective on the first iteration of my home lab.
-#+filetags: :sysadmin:
-
-* What is a Homelab?
-Starting as a developer, I have largely stayed away from hardware-based
-hobbies (other than building a gaming desktop). However, as the
-quarantine for COVID-19 stretches out further and further, I found
-myself bored and in search of new hobbies. After spending the last few
-months browsing the [[https://www.reddit.com/r/homelab/][r/homelab]]
-subreddit, I decided it was time to jump in and try things out for
-myself.
-
-Since I am a beginner and just recently graduated from college,
-everything I've done so far in my homelab is fairly low-budget.
-
-* Hardware
-#+caption: HomeLab Diagram
-[[https://img.cleberg.net/blog/20200503-homelab/homelab-min.png]]
-
-*** Raspberry Pi 4
-Luckily, I had actually purchased a
-[[https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-model-b/][Raspberry
-Pi 4]] before the quarantine started so that I could try to keep Plex
-Media Center running, even while my desktop computer was turned off. I
-started here, using the Pi to hold Plex and Pi-hole until I grew tired
-with the slow performance.
-
-Here are the specifications for the Pi 4:
-
-- Broadcom BCM2711, Quad core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC @ 1.5GHz
-- 4GB LPDDR4-3200 SDRAM
-- Gigabit Ethernet
-- H.265 (4kp60 decode), H264 (1080p60 decode, 1080p30 encode)
-- 64 GB MicroSD Card
-
-** Dell Optiplex 5040
-Since I wasn't happy with the Pi as my main server, I turned to
-Craigslist. I know a lot of other homelabbers use Ebay, but I can't seem
-to ever trust it enough to purchase items on there. So I used Craigslist
-and found a Dell Optiplex 5040 desktop computer on sale for $90. While
-this computer might be underpowered, it was one of the few computers
-under $100 that was available during quarantine.
-
-Here are the specifications for the Dell Optiplex 5040:
-
-- Intel Core i3 6100
-- 8GB RAM DDR3
-- Intel HD Graphics
-- Gigabit Ethernet
-- 500GB Hard Drive
-
-While this hardware would be awful for a work computer or a gaming rig,
-it turned out to be wonderful for my server purposes. The only
-limitation I have found so far is the CPU. The i3-6100 only has enough
-power for a single 4k video transcode at a time. I haven't tested more
-than three 1080p streams at a time, but the maximum amount of streams
-I've ever actually used is two.
-
-** WD easystore 10TB & 8TB
-Application storage and temporary files are stored on the internal hard
-drive of the server, but all media files (movies, tv, games, books, etc)
-are stored externally on my WD easystore hard drive. Creating auto-boot
-configurations in the =/etc/fstab= file on my server allows the hard
-drives to automatically mount whenever I need to restart my server.
-
-#+begin_quote
-Update: In March 2022, I shucked the hard drives out of their external
-cases, put some Kapton tape on the third power pin to prevent power
-shutdowns, and stuck them inside my server tower using internal SATA
-cables.
-
-#+end_quote
-
-** Netgear Unmanaged Switch
-To manage all the ethernet cords used by my homelab, my desktop, and my
-living room media center, I purchased an 8-port gigabit ethernet switch
-for $50 at my local computer store. This is probably much more than I
-should have spent on an unmanaged switch, but I am comfortable with the
-choice.
-
-** TP-Link Managed Switch
-Since I use the unmanaged switch to group all living room devices
-together, I use the managed switch to configure VLANs and secure my
-network.
-
-** Arris TM1602A Modem & Sagecom Fast 5280 Router
-My default modem and router, provided by my ISP, are fairly standard.
-The Arris modem supports DOCSIS 3.0, which is something that I
-definitely wanted as a minimum. The Sagecom router is also standard, no
-fancy bells or whistles. However, it does support DHCP and DHCPv6, which
-is something you can use to route all household traffic through a
-pi-hole or firewall.
-
-** TP-Link EAP
-In order to gain better control over the network, I use my own wireless
-access point instead of the one included in the Sagecom router above.
-Now I can control and organize all of my ethernet connections through
-the VLANs on the managed switch and wireless connections through the
-VLANS on the EAP.
-
-** Generic Printer
-The last piece to my homelab is a standard wireless printer. Nothing
-special here.
-
-* Software
-** Ubuntu Server 20.04
-While the 20.04 version of Ubuntu was just released, I always like to
-experiment with new features (and I don't mind breaking my system - it
-just gives me more experience learning how to fix things). So, I have
-Ubuntu Server 20.04 installed on the Dell Optiplex server and Ubuntu
-Server 19.10 installed on the Raspberry Pi. Once I find an acceptable
-use for the Pi, I will most likely switch the operating system.
-
-** Docker
-I am /very/ new to Docker, but I have had a lot of fun playing with it
-so far. Docker is used to create containers that can hold all the
-contents of a system without interfering with other software on the same
-system. So far, I have successfully installed pi-hole, GitLab, Gogs, and
-Nextcloud in containers. However, I opted to delete all of those so that
-I can reconfigure them more professionally at a later time.
-
-** Plex Media Server
-Plex is a media center software that allows you to organize your movies,
-TV shows, music, photos, and videos automatically. It will even download
-metadata for you so that you can easily browse these collections.
-
-** Pi-hole
-Pi-hole is an alternative ad-blocker that runs at the DNS level,
-allowing you to block traffic when it hits your network, so that you can
-reject any traffic you deem to be bad. Pi-hole uses blacklists and
-whitelists to decide which traffic block and, luckily, there are a lot
-of pre-made lists out there on Reddit, GitHub, etc.
-
-** Nextcloud
-While I had trouble with the Docker version of Nextcloud, I was very
-successful when setting up the snap version. Using this, I was able to
-map Nextcloud to a subdomain of a domain I own in Namecheap.
-Additionally, Nextcloud has an integration with Let's Encrypt that
-allows me to issue certificates automatically to any new domain I
-authorize.
-
-** Webmin
-To monitor my servers, and the processes running on them, I use the
-Webmin dashboard. This was fairly painless to set up, and I currently
-access it straight through the server's IP address. In the future, I
-will be looking to configure Webmin to use a custom domain just like
-Nextcloud.