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|
+++
date = 2022-07-30
title = "Recursive Command-Line FLAC to Opus Conversion"
description = "Learn how to convert all FLAC files to Opus, including recursive files in subdirectories."
+++
## Converting FLAC to OPUS
I am currently rebuilding my music library from scratch so that I can
effectively archive all the music I own in the [FLAC file
format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLAC), a lossless audio codec.
However, streaming FLAC files outside the home can be difficult due to
the size of the files, especially if you're using a weak connection.
So, in order to archive the music in a lossless format and still be able
to stream it easily, I opted to create a copy of my FLAC files in the
[Opus audio codec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)).
This allows me to archive a quality, lossless version of the music and
then point my streaming service to the smaller, stream-ready version.
### Dependencies
The process I follow utilizes the `opus-tools` package in
Ubuntu. Before proceeding, install the package:
```sh
sudo apt install opus-tools
```
If you want to use a different conversion method, such as
`ffmpeg` or `avconv`, simply install that package
instead.
### Conversion Process
The script I'm using is stored in my home directory, but feel free to
create it wherever you want. It does not need to be in the same
directory as your music files.
```sh
cd ~ && nano transform.sh
```
Once you have your new bash script opened in an editor, go ahead and
paste the following logic into the script.
You **MUST** edit the following variables in order for it to work:
- `source`: The source directory where your FLAC files are
stored.
- `dest`: The destination directory where you want the
resulting Opus files to be stored.
You **MAY** want to edit the following variables to suit your needs:
- `filename`: If you are converting to a file format other
than Opus, you'll need to edit this so that your resulting files
have the correct filename extension.
- `reldir`: This variable can be edited to strip out more
leading directories in the file path. As you'll see later, I ignore
this for now and simply clean it up afterward.
- `opusenc`: This is the actual conversion process. You may
want to edit the bitrate to suit your needs. I set mine at 128 but
some prefer 160 or higher.
```sh
#!/bin/bash
## - The IFS takes care of spaces in file and dirnames
## - your folders may vary
## - what you mount to the folders does not matter
## - in RELDIR, the f5 most likely MUST be edited,
## since its responsible, how many leading directories
## will be removed from the directory structure in order
## to append that exact path to the outfile
## - the commented echos are still in place in order to give
## you the variables for testing, before running.
IFS=$'\n'
## the paths given here contain the directory structure that I want to keep
## source=/mnt/music/archives/ARTIST/ALBUM/FLACFILE.flac
## local=/mnt/music/library/ARTIST/ALBUM/OPUSFILE.opus
source=/mnt/music/archives
dest=/mnt/music/library
for i in $(find $source -type f -iname '*.flac' );
do
## SET VARIABLES for PATHS and FILENAMES
fullfile=$i
filename="${i##*/}"
filename="${filename%.*}.opus"
fulldir=$(dirname "${i}")
reldir="$(echo $fulldir | cut -d'/' -f5-)"
reldir=${reldir//flac}
outdir="$dest/$reldir"
outfile="$outdir/$filename"
# is that working?
# outfile='$local/""$(echo $(dirname "${i}") | cut -d'/' -f5-)"//flac"/"${i##*/}"'
# echo 'output file: ' "$outfile"
## SHOW ME THE CONTENTS of the VARIABLES
# echo 'File found:' "$i"
# echo 'Relative dir: ' "$reldir"
# echo 'directory will be created: ' "$outdir"
# echo 'Filename: ' "$filename"
# echo 'FileExt: ' "$extension"
# echo 'output file: ' "$outfile"
echo "\n\n"
## CREATE Output Folders
mkdir -p "$outdir"
## RUN
# ffmpeg and avconv are alternative options if opusenc isn't adequate
opusenc --vbr --bitrate 128 --date "$DATE" \
--title "$TITLE" --artist "$ARTIST" --album "$ALBUM" --genre "$GENRE" \
--comment "ALBUMARTIST=$ALBUMARTIST" --comment "DISCNUMBER=$DISCNUMBER" \
--comment "TRACKNUMBER=$TRACKNUMBER" --comment "TRACKTOTAL=$TRACKTOTAL" \
--comment "LYRICS=$LYRICS" "$fullfile" "$outfile"
## just for testing
# sleep 1
done
```
Once you're done, simply save the file and exit your editor. Don't
forget to enable execution of the script:
```sh
chmod +x transform.sh
```
Finally, you may now run the script:
```sh
./transform.sh
```
If you used `opusenc`, you'll see the conversions happen
within the terminal as it progresses. You will also see variables
printed if you uncommented any of the bash script's comments.
### Cleanup
As I noted above, I didn't customize my `reldir` variable in
the script, which caused my output directory to be
`/mnt/music/library/archives` instead of
`/mnt/music/library`. So, I moved the output up one level and
deleted the accidental directory.
```sh
cd /mnt/music/library
mv archives/* .
rm -rf archives
```
### Check the Resulting Size
If you want to see what kind of file size savings you've gained, you
can always use the `du` command to check:
```sh
cd /mnt/music
du -h --max-depth=1 .
```
In my case, my small library went from 78GB to 6.3GB!
```txt
78G ./archives
6.3G ./library
```
|
