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-#+title: An Inside Look at My Homelab
-#+date: 2020-05-03
-#+description: A retrospective on the first iteration of my home lab.
-#+filetags: :sysadmin:
-
-* What is a Homelab?
-Starting as a developer, I have largely stayed away from hardware-based hobbies
-(other than building a gaming desktop). However, as the quarantine for COVID-19
-stretches out further and further, I found myself bored and in search of new
-hobbies. After spending the last few months browsing the [[https://www.reddit.com/r/homelab/][r/homelab]] subreddit, I
-decided it was time to jump in and try things out for myself.
-
-Since I am a beginner and just recently graduated from college, everything I've
-done so far in my homelab is fairly low-budget.
-
-* Hardware
-#+caption: HomeLab Diagram
-[[https://img.cleberg.net/blog/20200503-homelab/homelab-min.png]]
-
-*** Raspberry Pi 4
-Luckily, I had actually purchased a [[https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-model-b/][Raspberry Pi 4]] before the quarantine started
-so that I could try to keep Plex Media Center running, even while my desktop
-computer was turned off. I started here, using the Pi to hold Plex and Pi-hole
-until I grew tired with the slow performance.
-
-Here are the specifications for the Pi 4:
-
-- Broadcom BCM2711, Quad core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC @ 1.5GHz
-- 4GB LPDDR4-3200 SDRAM
-- Gigabit Ethernet
-- H.265 (4kp60 decode), H264 (1080p60 decode, 1080p30 encode)
-- 64 GB MicroSD Card
-
-** Dell Optiplex 5040
-Since I wasn't happy with the Pi as my main server, I turned to Craigslist. I
-know a lot of other homelabbers use Ebay, but I can't seem to ever trust it
-enough to purchase items on there. So I used Craigslist and found a Dell
-Optiplex 5040 desktop computer on sale for $90. While this computer might be
-underpowered, it was one of the few computers under $100 that was available
-during quarantine.
-
-Here are the specifications for the Dell Optiplex 5040:
-
-- Intel Core i3 6100
-- 8GB RAM DDR3
-- Intel HD Graphics
-- Gigabit Ethernet
-- 500GB Hard Drive
-
-While this hardware would be awful for a work computer or a gaming rig, it
-turned out to be wonderful for my server purposes. The only limitation I have
-found so far is the CPU. The i3-6100 only has enough power for a single 4k video
-transcode at a time. I haven't tested more than three 1080p streams at a time,
-but the maximum amount of streams I've ever actually used is two.
-
-** WD easystore 10TB & 8TB
-Application storage and temporary files are stored on the internal hard drive of
-the server, but all media files (movies, tv, games, books, etc) are stored
-externally on my WD easystore hard drive. Creating auto-boot configurations in
-the =/etc/fstab= file on my server allows the hard drives to automatically mount
-whenever I need to restart my server.
-
-#+begin_quote
-Update: In March 2022, I shucked the hard drives out of their external cases,
-put some Kapton tape on the third power pin to prevent power shutdowns, and
-stuck them inside my server tower using internal SATA cables.
-#+end_quote
-
-** Netgear Unmanaged Switch
-To manage all the ethernet cords used by my homelab, my desktop, and my living
-room media center, I purchased an 8-port gigabit ethernet switch for $50 at my
-local computer store. This is probably much more than I should have spent on an
-unmanaged switch, but I am comfortable with the choice.
-
-** TP-Link Managed Switch
-Since I use the unmanaged switch to group all living room devices together, I
-use the managed switch to configure VLANs and secure my network.
-
-** Arris TM1602A Modem & Sagecom Fast 5280 Router
-My default modem and router, provided by my ISP, are fairly standard. The Arris
-modem supports DOCSIS 3.0, which is something that I definitely wanted as a
-minimum. The Sagecom router is also standard, no fancy bells or whistles.
-However, it does support DHCP and DHCPv6, which is something you can use to
-route all household traffic through a pi-hole or firewall.
-
-** TP-Link EAP
-In order to gain better control over the network, I use my own wireless access
-point instead of the one included in the Sagecom router above. Now I can control
-and organize all of my ethernet connections through the VLANs on the managed
-switch and wireless connections through the VLANS on the EAP.
-
-** Generic Printer
-The last piece to my homelab is a standard wireless printer. Nothing special
-here.
-
-* Software
-** Ubuntu Server 20.04
-While the 20.04 version of Ubuntu was just released, I always like to experiment
-with new features (and I don't mind breaking my system - it just gives me more
-experience learning how to fix things). So, I have Ubuntu Server 20.04 installed
-on the Dell Optiplex server and Ubuntu Server 19.10 installed on the Raspberry
-Pi. Once I find an acceptable use for the Pi, I will most likely switch the
-operating system.
-
-** Docker
-I am /very/ new to Docker, but I have had a lot of fun playing with it so far.
-Docker is used to create containers that can hold all the contents of a system
-without interfering with other software on the same system. So far, I have
-successfully installed pi-hole, GitLab, Gogs, and Nextcloud in containers.
-However, I opted to delete all of those so that I can reconfigure them more
-professionally at a later time.
-
-** Plex Media Server
-Plex is a media center software that allows you to organize your movies, TV
-shows, music, photos, and videos automatically. It will even download metadata
-for you so that you can easily browse these collections.
-
-** Pi-hole
-Pi-hole is an alternative ad-blocker that runs at the DNS level, allowing you to
-block traffic when it hits your network, so that you can reject any traffic you
-deem to be bad. Pi-hole uses blacklists and whitelists to decide which traffic
-block and, luckily, there are a lot of pre-made lists out there on Reddit,
-GitHub, etc.
-
-** Nextcloud
-While I had trouble with the Docker version of Nextcloud, I was very successful
-when setting up the snap version. Using this, I was able to map Nextcloud to a
-subdomain of a domain I own in Namecheap. Additionally, Nextcloud has an
-integration with Let's Encrypt that allows me to issue certificates
-automatically to any new domain I authorize.
-
-** Webmin
-To monitor my servers, and the processes running on them, I use the Webmin
-dashboard. This was fairly painless to set up, and I currently access it
-straight through the server's IP address. In the future, I will be looking to
-configure Webmin to use a custom domain just like Nextcloud.